In Your Arms Again Latin Type of Music
| Music of Latin America | |
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| Stylistic origins |
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| Cultural origins | 16th century, Latin America |
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| Fusion genres | |
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The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking regions of the Americas.[1] Latin American music also incorporates African music from enslaved African people who were transported from West and Central Africa to the Americas by European settlers, as well as music from the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.[ii] Due to its highly syncretic nature, Latin American music encompasses a wide multifariousness of styles, including influential genres such equally cumbia, bachata, bossa nova, merengue, rumba, salsa, samba, son, and tango. During the 20th century, many styles were influenced past the music of the U.s. giving ascension to genres such equally Latin pop, stone, jazz, hip hop, and reggaeton.
Geographically, it normally refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of Latin America,[3] but sometimes includes Francophone countries and territories of the Caribbean area and S America besides. It also encompasses Latin American styles that have originated in the United States such as salsa, New Mexico music, Tejano, various forms of state-Western, equally well as Chicano rock, Nuyorican rap, and Chicano rap.[1] The origins of Latin American music tin can be traced back to the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, when the European settlers brought their music from overseas.[iv] Latin American music is performed in Castilian, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent, French.[5]
Popular music styles by country and territory [edit]
Argentina [edit]
The tango is mayhap Argentina's best-known musical genre, famous worldwide. Other styles include the Chacarera, Milonga, Zamba and Chamamé. Modern rhythms include Cuarteto (music from the Cordoba Province) and Electrotango.
Argentine rock (known locally as rock nacional) was most pop during the 1980s, and remains Argentina'southward most pop music. Rock en español was showtime popular in Argentina, then swept through other Hispanic American countries and Espana. The movement was known as the "Argentine Moving ridge".
Bolivia [edit]
Bolivian music is perhaps the nearly strongly linked to its native population amidst the national styles of S America. After the nationalistic menstruum of the 1950s Aymara and Quechuan civilisation became more than widely accustomed, and their folk music evolved into a more pop-like sound. Los Kjarkas played a pivotal function in this fusion. Other forms of native music (such as huayños and caporales) are too widely played. Cumbia is another popular genre. There are also lesser-known regional forms, such as the music from Santa Cruz and Tarija (where styles such equally Cueca and Chacarera are popular).
Brazil [edit]
Brazil is a large, various country with a long history of popular-musical development, ranging from the early on-20th-century innovation of samba to the mod Música popular brasileira. Bossa nova is internationally well-known, and Forró (pronounced [foˈʁɔ]) is as well widely known and popular in Brazil. Lambada is influenced by rhythms like cumbia and merengue. Funk carioca is too a highly popular style.
Republic of chile [edit]
Many musical genres are native to Chile; i of the nearly popular was the Chilean Romantic Cumbia, exemplified past artists such as Americo and Leo Rey. The Nueva Canción originated in the 1960s and 1970s and spread in popularity until the 1973 Chilean insurrection d'état, when about musicians were arrested, killed or exiled.
In Key Chile, several styles tin can exist found: the Cueca (the national dance), the Tonada, the Refalosa, the Sajuriana, the Zapateado, the Cuando and the Vals. In the Norte Grande region traditional music resembles the music of southern Perú and western Republic of bolivia, and is known every bit Andean music. This music, which reflects the spirit of the indigenous people of the Altiplano, was an inspiration for the Nueva canción. The Chiloé Archipelago has unique folk-music styles, due to its isolation from the civilization centres of Santiago.
Music from Chilean Polynesia, Rapa Nui music, is derived from Polynesian culture rather than colonial society or European influences.
Republic of costa rica [edit]
The music of Costa rica is represented past musical expressions as parrandera, the Tambito, waltz, bolero, gang, calypso, chiquichiqui, mento the run and callera. They emerged from the migration processes and historical exchanges between indigenous, European and African. Typical instruments are the quijongo, marimba, ocarinas, low drawer, the Sabak, reed flutes, squeeze box, mandolin and guitar.
Cuba [edit]
Cuba has produced many musical genres, and a number of musicians in a variety of styles. Blended styles range from the danzón to the rumba.
Colombia [edit]
Colombian music tin can be divided into four musical zones: the Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast, the Andean region and Los Llanos. The Atlantic music features rhythms such every bit the cumbia, porros and mapalé. Music from the Pacific coast such features rhythms such as the currulao —which is tinged with Castilian influence— and the Jota chocoana (along with many more afro-pulsate predominating music forms)—tinged with African and Aboriginal influence. Colombian Andean has been strongly influenced by Spanish rhythms and instruments, and differs noticeably from the ethnic music of Peru or Bolivia. Typical forms include the bambuco, pasillo guabina and torbellino, played with pianos and string instruments such as the tiple guitarra. The music of Los Llanos, música llanera, is usually accompanied by a harp, a cuatro (a type of four-string guitar) and maracas. It has much in common with the music of the Venezuelan Llanos.
Autonomously from these traditional forms, two newer musical styles accept conquered big parts of the state: la salsa, which has spread throughout the Pacific declension and the vallenato, which originated in La Guajira and César (on the northern Caribbean declension). The latter is based on European accordion music. Merengue music is heard as well. More than recently, musical styles such as reggaeton and bachata have also become pop.
Dominican Republic [edit]
Merengue típico and Orchestra merengue have been popular in the Dominican Commonwealth for many decades, and is widely regarded as the national music. Bachata is a more recent arrival, taking influences from the bolero and derived from the country'south rural guitar music. Bachata has evolved and risen in popularity over the last 40 years in the Dominican Democracy and other areas (such as Puerto Rico) with the help of artists such as Antony Santos, Luis Segura, Luis Vargas, Teodoro Reyes, Yoskar Sarante, Alex Bueno, and Aventura. Bachata, merengue and salsa are now equally popular amid Spanish-speaking Caribbean people. When the Spanish conquistadors sailed beyond the Atlantic they brought with them a type of music known as hesparo, which contributed to the development of Dominican music. A romantic style is besides popular in the Dominican Republic from vocalists such as Angela Carrasco, Anthony Rios, Maridalia Hernandez and Olga Lara.
Republic of ecuador [edit]
Traditional Ecuadorian music tin be classified as mestizo, Indian and Afro-Ecuadorian music. Mestizo music evolved from the interrelation between Spanish and Indian music. Information technology has rhythms such as pasacalles, pasillos, albazos and sanjuanitos, and is usually played by stringed instruments. In that location are too regional variations: littoral styles, such every bit vals (like to Vals Peruano (Flit)) and montubio music (from the coastal hill country).
Indian music in Ecuador is determined in varying degrees by the influence of quichua civilization. Inside it are sanjuanitos (different from the mestizo sanjuanito), capishkas, danzantes and yaravis. Non-quichua indigenous music ranges from the Tsáchila music of Santo Domingo (influenced by the neighboring Afro-marimba) to the Amazonian music of groups such as the Shuar.
Black Ecuadorian music can exist classified into two master forms. The first type is black music from the littoral Esmeraldas province, and is characterized by the marimba. The second variety is black music from the Chota Valley in the northern Sierra (primarily known equally Bomba del Chota), characterized by a more-pronounced mestizo and Indian influence than marimba esmeraldeña. Almost of these musical styles are also played by wind ensembles of varying sizes at popular festivals effectually the country. Similar other Latin American countries, Ecuadorian music includes local exponents of international styles: from opera, salsa and stone to cumbia, thrash metal and jazz.
El Salvador [edit]
Salvadoran music may be compared with the Colombian mode of music known equally cumbia. Popular styles in modern El salvador (in addition to cumbia) are salsa, Bachata and Reggaeton. "Political anarchy tore the state apart in the early 20th century, and music was frequently suppressed, especially those with strong native influences. In the 1940s, for case, information technology was decreed that a dance called "Xuc" was to be the "national dance" which was created and led by Paquito Palaviccini's and his Orquestra Internacional Polio".[ citation needed ] In contempo years reggaeton and hip hop take gained popularity, led by groups such as Pescozada and Mecate. Salvadorian music has a musical fashion influenced past Mayan music (played on the El Salvador-Republic of guatemala border, in Chalatenango). Another popular mode of music not native to El salvador is known as Punta, a Belizean, Guatemalan and Honduran way.
Some of the leading classical composers from El Salvador include Alex Panamá, Carlos Colón-Quintana, and German Cáceres.
French Guiana [edit]
Guatemala [edit]
Guatemala has a very long musical tradition.
Haiti [edit]
Haitian music combines a wide range of influences drawn from the many people who take settled on this Caribbean isle. It reflects French, African rhythms, Spanish elements and others who have inhabited the island of Hispaniola and minor native Taino influences. Styles of music unique to the nation of Haiti include music derived from Vodou ceremonial traditions, Rara parading music, Twoubadou ballads, Mini-jazz stone bands, Rasin movement, Hip hop Kreyòl, the wildly popular Compas,[6] and Méringue as its basic rhythm.
Evolving in Haiti during the mid-1800s, the Haitian méringue (known as the mereng in creole) is regarded as the oldest surviving form of its kind performed today and is its national symbol. According to Jean Fouchard, mereng evolved from the fusion of slave music genres (such as the chica and calenda) with ballroom forms related to the French-Haitian contredanse (kontradans in creole). Mereng'southward proper name, he says, derives from the mouringue music of the Bara, a Bantu people of Madagascar. That few Malagasies came to the Americas casts uncertainty on this etymology, but it is significant considering it emphasizes what Fouchard (and nearly Haitians) consider the African-derived nature of their music and national identity.
Very pop today is compas, short for compas direct, a modernistic méringue made pop past Nemours Jean-Baptiste, on a recording released in 1955. The proper name derives from compás, the Spanish word significant rhythm or tones. It involves by and large medium-to-fast tempo beats with an emphasis on electric guitars, synthesizers, and either a solo alto saxophone, a horn section or the synthesizer equivalent. In Creole, information technology is spelled every bit konpa dirèk or just konpa. It is commonly spelled as it is pronounced as kompa.[7]
Honduras [edit]
The music of Republic of honduras varies from Punta and Paranda (the local genre of the Garifunas) to Caribbean music such as salsa, merengue, reggae and reggaeton (all widely heard, especially in the north). Mexican ranchera music has a large following in the rural interior of the country. The country's ancient capital of Comayagua is an important heart for modern Honduran music, and is habitation to the College for Fine Arts.
Mexico [edit]
United mexican states is mayhap i of the virtually musically diverse countries in the world. Each of its 31 states, its capital city and each of Mexico Urban center's boroughs merits unique styles of music. The most representative genre is mariachi music. Although ordinarily misportrayed every bit buskers, mariachis musicians play extremely technical, structured music or blends such equally jarabe. Most mariachi music is sung in verses of prose poetry. Ranchera, Mexico's land music, differs from mariachi in that it is less technical and its lyrics are non sung in prose. Other regional music includes: son jarocho, son huasteco, cumbia sonidera, Mexican pop, rock en español, Mexican rock and canto nuevo. In that location is too music based on sounds made past dancing (such as the zapateada).
Northeastern United mexican states is domicile to another popular style called norteña, which assimilates Mexican ranchera with Colombian cumbia and is typically played with Bavarian accordions and Bohemian polka influence. Variations of norteña include duranguense, tambora sinaloense, corridos and nortec (norteño-techno). The eastern part of the country makes heavy utilise of the harp, typical of the son arocho style. The music in southern Mexico is specially represented past its use of the marimba, which has its origins in the Soconusco region between Mexico and Guatemala.
Vals Chiapa de Corzo performed on a marimba in Chiapas.
The due north-central states have recently spawned a Tecktonik-style music, combining electro and other dance genres with more traditional music. Salsa (music) has also played an important role in Mexican music shown by Sonora Santanera. Currently, Reggaeton is very pop in modern Mexico.
Martinique and Guadeloupe [edit]
Nicaragua [edit]
The most popular manner of music in Nicaragua is palo de Mayo, which is both a blazon of trip the light fantastic music and a festival where the dance (and music) originated. Other popular music includes marimba, folklore, son nica, folk music, merengue, bachata and salsa.
Panama [edit]
The music of Panama is the result of the mestizaje, It has occurred during the last v hundred years betwixt the Iberian traditions, especially those of Andalusia, American Indians and those of West Africa. Mestizaje that has been enriched by cultural exchange caused past several waves of migrations originating in Europe, in various parts of the Caribbean (generally Barbados, Trinidad, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) in Asia and several points in S and North America. These migrations were due to the Castilian colonization of America, which was forced to utilize the Royal Road of Panama equally an inter-oceanic merchandise route, which included the slave trade (an institution abolished in Panama in 1851); To the traffic, production of the exploitation of the silver mines in the Viceroyalty of Peru during centuries Xvi and XVII; To the legendary riches of the Fair of Portobelo, between centuries XVII and Eighteen; To the construction of the Transísmico Railroad, begun in 1850, and the Interoceanic Canal, initiated by French republic in 1879, concluded past the United States in 1914 and expanded past Panama from 2007.
With this rich cultural heritage, Panama has contributed significantly to the development of Cumbia, Decima, Panamanian saloma, Pasillo, Panamanian bunde, bullerengue, Punto Music, Tamborito, Mejorana, Panamanian Murga, Tamborera (Examples: Guarare and Tambor de la Alegria), bolero, jazz, Salsa, reggae and calypso, through composers like Nicolas Aceves Núñez (hall, cumbia, tamborito, Pasillo), Luis Russell (jazz), Ricardo Fábrega (bolero and Tamborera), José Luis Rodríguez Vélez (cumbia and bolero), Arturo "Chino" Hassan (bolero), Nando Boom (reggae), Lord Cobra (calypso), Rubén Blades (salsa), Danilo Pérez (jazz), Vicente Gómez Gudiño (Pasillo), César Alcedo, amid many others.
Paraguay [edit]
Paraguayan music depends largely upon 2 instruments: the guitar and the harp, which were brought by the conquistadors and found their own voices in the country. Polka Paraguaya, which adopted its name from the European dance, is the most popular type of music and has different versions (including the galopa, the krye'ÿ and the canción Paraguaya, or "Paraguayan vocal"). The first two are faster and more upbeat than a standard polka; the third is a bit slower and slightly melancholy. Other popular styles include the purahéi jahe'o and the compuesto (which tell sad, ballsy or love stories). The polka is unremarkably based on poetic lyrics, but there are some emblematic pieces of Paraguayan music (such as "Pájaro Campana", or "Songbird", by Félix Pérez Cardozo).
Guarania is the second-best-known Paraguayan musical manner, and was created by musician José Asunción Flores in 1925.
Peru [edit]
Peruvian music is fabricated up of indigenous, Spanish and Westward African influences. Coastal Afro-Peruvian music is characterized past the use of the cajón peruano. Amerindian music varies according to region and ethnicity. The best-known Amerindian manner is the huayno (besides popular in Bolivia), played on instruments such as the charango and guitar. Mestizo music is varied and includes pop valses and marinera from the northern coast.
Example of a Huayno from the Huanca of the Junin Region of fundamental Peru.
Puerto Rico [edit]
The history of music on the island of Puerto Rico begins with its original inhabitants, the Taínos. The Taíno Indians have influenced the Puerto Rican culture greatly, leaving behind of import contributions such every bit their musical instruments, language, food, plant medicine and art. The heart of much Puerto Rican music is the idea of improvisation in both the music and the lyrics. A performance takes on an added dimension when the audience tin anticipate the response of one performer to a difficult passage of music or clever lyrics created past another. When two singers, either both men or a man and a woman, engage in vocal contest in música jíbara this is a special blazon of seis chosen a controversia. Of all Puerto Rico'southward musical exports, the all-time-known is reggaeton. Bomba and plena have long been popular, while reggaetón is a relatively recent invention. It is a form of urban contemporary music, oft combining other Latin musical styles, Caribbean and West Indies music, (such as reggae, soca, Spanish reggae, salsa, merengue and bachata.[eight] It originates from Panamanian Spanish reggae and Jamaican dancehall, withal received its rise to popularity through Puerto Rico.[9] [10] [11] [12] Tropikeo is the fusion of R&B, Rap, Hip Hop, Funk and Techno Music inside a Tropical musical frame of salsa, in which the conga drums and/or timbales drums are the main source of rhythm of the tune, in conjunction with a heavy salsa "montuno" of the piano. The lyrics of the song can be rapped or sung, or used combining both styles, as well every bit danced in both styles. Aguinaldo from Puerto Rico is similar to Christmas carols, except that they are usually sung in a parranda, which is rather like a lively parade that moves from house to house in a neighborhood, looking for holiday food and drink. The melodies were subsequently used for the improvisational décima and seis. There are aguinaldos that are usually sung in churches or religious services, while there are aguinaldos that are more than popular and are sung in the parrandas. Danza is a very sophisticated form of music that tin can exist extremely varied in its expression; they can be either romantic or festive. Romantic danzas have four sections, commencement with an eight measure paseo followed by three themes of xvi measures each. The 3rd theme typically includes a solo by the bombardino and, oftentimes, a return to the first theme or a coda at the end. Festive danzas are free-grade, with the simply rules existence an introduction and a swift rhythm. Plena is a narrative song from the littoral regions of Puerto Rico, especially around Ponce, Puerto Rico.[thirteen] Its origins have been various claimed as far back every bit 1875 and as belatedly as 1920. As rural farmers moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico and other cities, they brought plena with them and eventually added horns and improvised phone call and response vocals. Lyrics more often than not bargain with stories or electric current events, though some are light-hearted or humorous.
Venezuela [edit]
The Joropo is Venezuelan popular music originating in the llanos plains, although a more upbeat and festive gaita version is heard western Venezuela (peculiarly in Zulia State). There are too African-influenced styles which emphasize drumming including multiple rhythms, such as sangueo, fulia, parranda, tamborera and calypso from the Guayana region (influenced by neighboring English-speaking countries). The Aguinaldo, conforms the national representation of the Venezuelan Christmas. In the east, the malagueña, punto and galerón accompanies the velorios de cruz de mayo, (religious tradition, that is celebrated on 3 May in honor to the Christian cross). In the Venezuelan Andes, the Venezuelan bambuco is a local variation of the bambuco. Other forms include the polo and the Venezuelan waltz. El merengue venezolano es una música bailable del siglo Twenty de Venezuela, con united nations característico ritmo atractivo. Es united nations género completamente diferente del merengue de la República Dominicana en cuanto a su ritmo, instrumentos, cultura e historia.
Venezuelan Merengue is also known by two other names: merengue caraqueño, relating its origin to the capital Caracas, and merengue rucaneao, in which reference to Rúcano, a mixture for a popular jelly dessert, is used as a simile for the sensual pelvic movements of its trip the light fantastic toe. Merengue came into vogue in Venezuela during the menses from the 1920s to the 1940s. At first, merengue music was associated with the mabiles, popular drinking and dancing spots in Caracas, and with the capital's carnival celebrations in street parades and plazas. After in the 1940s, it was captivated into the dance halls of the upper classes, and too formed role of the repertoire of smaller groups such as the Cantores del Trópico, led past guitarist Antonio Lauro (who composed 'Merengue para guitarra') and composers such as Eduardo Serrano. The hybrid traditional ensembles of then and at present that dedicate their program to folkloric program to arrangements of Venezuelan folk music - ensembles such as estudiantinas, Venezuelan Merengue. Nowadays it is always discussed whether merengue is written in two/4, six/8 or 5/8.
Uruguay [edit]
Uruguayan music has like roots to that of Argentina. Uruguayan tango and milonga are both popular styles, and folk music from along the River Plate is indistinguishable from its Argentine analogue. Uruguay rock and cancion popular (Uruguayan versions of stone and popular music) are popular local forms. Candombe, a style of drumming descended from African slaves in the area, is quintessentially Uruguayan (although it is played to a lesser extent in Argentine republic).[14] It is most popular in Montevideo, but may also be heard in a number of other cities.
Pop styles [edit]
Nueva canción [edit]
Salsa [edit]
Based on Cuban music in rhythm, tempo, bass line, riffs and instrumentation, Salsa represents an amalgamation of musical styles including stone, jazz, and other Latin American musical traditions. Modern salsa (as it became known worldwide) was forged in the pan-Latin melting pot of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Latin trap [edit]
Latin trap has become famous around 2015. It has influences of American trap and reggaeton music.
Reggaetón [edit]
Reggaeton (too known as reggaetón and reguetón[i]) is a musical genre which originated in Puerto Rico during the late 1990s. Information technology is influenced past hip hop and Latin American and Caribbean music. Vocals include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish.
Latin ballad [edit]
The Latin (or romantic) ballad is a Latin musical genre which originated in the 1960s. This ballad is very popular in Hispanic America and Kingdom of spain, and is characterized by a sensitive rhythm. A descendant of the bolero, information technology has several variants (such as salsa and cumbia). Since the mid-20th century a number of artists have popularized the genre, such as Julio Iglesias, Luis Miguel, Enrique Iglesias, Alejandra Ávalos, Cristian Castro, and José José.
Come across also [edit]
- Music and society in the Spanish Colonial Americas
- Opera in Latin America
References [edit]
- ^ a b Torres, George (2013). Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music. ABC-CLIO. p. xvii. ISBN9780313087943.
- ^ Olsen, Dale; Sheehy, Daniel (December 17, 2007). Handbook of Latin American Music, 2d Edition. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN9781135900083 . Retrieved December 5, 2014.
- ^ Henderson, Lol; Stacey, Lee (Jan 27, 2014). Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century. Routledge. p. 358. ISBN9781135929466 . Retrieved 5 Dec 2014.
- ^ Morales, Ed (2003). The Latin Beat: The Rhythms And Roots Of Latin Music From Bossa Nova To Salsa And Beyond . Da Capo Press. p. xiv. ISBN9780786730209.
- ^ Edmondson, Jacqueline (2013). Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories That Shaped Our Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 639. ISBN9780313393488.
- ^ "Music and the Story of Haiti". Afropop Worldwide. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Wise, Brian. "Band's Haitian Fusion Offers Boyfriend Immigrants a Musical Link to Domicile". New York Times . Retrieved 24 Jan 2015.
- ^ [ane] Archived 2014-05-09 at the Wayback Motorcar. Raquel Z. Rivera. 2009. Reggaeton. "Part I. Mapping Reggaeton". From Música Negra to Reggaeton Latino: Wayne Marshall. "Office II. The Panamanian Connection". Placing Panama in the Reggaeton Narrative: Editor's Notes / Wayne Marshall. Duke University Press, Knuckles University, Durham, North Carolina. ISBN 978-0-8223-4383-7
- ^ Franco, Edgardo A. "Muévelo (move it!): from Panama to New York and back again, the story of El General". Interview by Christoph Twickel. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Knuckles University Press, 2009. 99–108.
- ^ Buckley "Bush-league", Francisco. La música salsa en Panamá. Panama: EUPAN, 2004.
- ^ Aulder, Leonardo Renato. "The Panamanian Origins of Reggae en Español: Seeing History through 'los ojos café' of Renato". Interview by Ifeoma C. K. Nwankwo. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Duke University Printing, 2009. 89–98.
- ^ Andrews, George Reid. Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000. New York: Oxford Academy Printing, 2004.
- ^ Semana de la Danza. Travel & Sports: Puerto Rico. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
- ^ In a Nutshell: Candombe, R. Slater Sounds and Colours
Further reading [edit]
- Brill, Marking. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd Edition, 2018. Taylor & Francis ISBN 1138053562
- Torres, George (2013). Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-0-313-08794-3.
- Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents . Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN0-13-323247-6.
- Sévigny, Jean-Pierre. Sierra Norteña: the Influence of Latin Music on the French-Canadian Pop Song and Trip the light fantastic Scene, Peculiarly equally Reflected in the Career of Alys Robi and the Didactics of Maurice Lacasse-Morenoff. Montréal: Productions Juke-Box, 1994. 13 p. N.B. Published text of a paper prepared for, and presented on, on 12 March 1994, the conference, Pop Music Music & Identity (Montréal, Qué., 12–thirteen March 1994), under the auspices of the Canadian Branch of the International Association for the Study of Pop Music.
- Stevenson, Robert (1952). Music in Mexico. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. ISBN1-199-75738-i. , cited in Nettl, p. 163.
- Boieras, Gabriel.; Cattani, Luciana. Maravilhas do Brasil: festas populares. Escrituras Editora, 2006. pp. 108. ISBN 8575312367
- Mularski, Jedrek. Music, Politics, and Nationalism in Latin America: Chile During the Cold State of war Era. Cambria Press, 2014. ISBN 9781604978889.
External links [edit]
- Latin American Music [ permanent dead link ] on the Open up Directory Project
- Latin American Music and Civilisation Mag
- Diaz-Ayala Cuban and Latin American Music Collection Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Motorcar
- The Strachwitz Frontera Collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America
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